Downstream

Downstream Regulation In

Downstream Investment in Oligopoly

We examine cost-reducing investment in vertically-related oligopolies, where firms may be vertically integrated or separated. Analyzing a standard linear Cournot model, we show that: (i) Integrated firms invest more than separated competitors. (ii) Vertical integration increases own investment and decreases competitor investment. (iii) Firms may integrate strategically so as to preempt investme...

Downstream in America.

-Misonidazole (MISO) potentiates the action of cyclophosphamide (CY) and melphalan in the WHFIB culture-adapted fibrosarcoma, whether assayed by cell survival or tumour-growth delay. In the case of CY, MISO also inhibited recovery from potentially lethal drug damage. The optimum effect was seen when MISO was given 1 h before CY, though it was also effective when given 6 h before or 1 h after th...

India’s Downstream Petroleum Sector

InternatIonal energy agency KIeran clarKe (australIan Department of resources, energy anD tourIsm) anD Dagmar graczyK (Iea) The International Energy Agency (IEA), an autonomous agency, was established in November 1974. Its mandate is twofold: to promote energy security amongst its member countries through collective response to physical disruptions in oil supply and to advise member countries o...

PI3K: Downstream AKTion Blocks Apoptosis

production of PtdIns-3,4,5-P 3. In vitro, this lipid can be produced by the p170/mCpk-type PI3K that phosphory-Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University lates PtdIns-4-P at the D-3 position (Figure 1) or by a kinase that phosphorylates PtdIns-3-P at the D-4 posi-Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4 Canada tion (not shown). Thus, the relative levels of PtdIns-3,4-P2 and PtdIns-3,4,5-P3 are independe...